Each FDI Profile contains extensive data on FDI flows and stocks activities of TNCs, the legal framework within each country/economy, including legislation relating to bilateral treaties that govern national investment policy. FDI Profiles for 112 economies are available at with an annually updated bibliography section for each country:

http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3198&lang=1

Annually updated reference section for relevant economies is also available.

The World Investment Report (WIR) has been published annually since 1991. See titles and access details below. Each year's Report covers the latest trends in foreign direct investment based on extensive data around the World and analyses in depth one selected topic related to foreign direct investment and development.

WIR2006 - FDI from Developing Countries Forthcoming Sept 2006

WIR2003 - FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

WIR2002 - Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness

WIR2001 - Promoting Linkages

WIR2000 - Cross-border M & A and Development

WIR1999 - FDI and the Challenge of Development

WIR1998 - Trends and Determinants

WIR1997 - Transnational Corporations, Market Structure and Competition Policy

WIR1996 - Investment, Trade and International Policy Agreements

WIR1995 - Transnational Corporations and Competitiveness

WIR1994 - Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace

WIR1993 - Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production

WIR1992 - Transnational Corporations as Engines of Growth

WIR1991 - The Triad in Foreign Direct Investment

Focus is on FDI in developing countries. There are plenty of country and topic specific analyses and lots of data.

Key Books on FDI and MNEs:

Barba Navaretti, G. and Venables, A. J., 2004. Multinational Firms in the World Economy, Princeton University Press.

Buckley, Peter J. and Mark Casson. 1976. The future of the multinational enterprise. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers.

Caves, Richard E. 1996 Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Chandler, Alfred, 1986. The Evolution of the Modern Corporation, in Porter (ed.) Competition in Global Industries, Boston: Harvard University Press.

Dunning, John H. 1993. Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Wokingham, England : Addison-Wesley.

Kindleberger, Charles (Ed.). 1970. The International Corporation, Cambridge MA: MIT.

Markusen, J. Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade, MIT Press, 2002.

Penrose, Edith, 1968, The Large International Firm in Developing Countries: The International Petroleum Industry, London: Allen and Unwin.

Porter, Michael E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.

Rugman, Alan M., and Thomas L. Brewer. Oxford Handbook of International Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Stopford, J. and L. T. Wells, Jr. 1972. Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organization of the Firm and Ownership of Subsidiaries. New York: Basic Books.

Wilkins, Mira, 1970. The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Recent Articles 'Whither International Business Research?'

Buckley, P., 2002. Is the International Business Agenda Running out of Steam? Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2): 365-373.

Dunning, J.H. 1989. “The Study of International Business: A Plea for a More Interdisciplinary Approach,” Journal of International Business Studies 20-3: 411-436.

Ghoshal, S., and D. Eleanor Westney. 1993. “Introduction and Overview.” In Sumantra Ghoshal and Eleanor Westney, eds., Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. New York: St. Martin's Press: 1-23.

Vernon, R. 1994. Contributing to an International Business Curriculum: An Approach from the Flank. Journal of International Business Studies. 25(2): 215-227.

Papers and Book Chapters by FDI-MNE segmented by area

1. Economic Theories: inter alia Oligopolistic, Product Life Cycle, Internalization Theory.

Anderson, E. and H. Gatignon, 1986. Modes of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Propositions, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 17(3): 1-26.

Blomstrom, M., Kokko, (2003) The economics of foreign direct investment incentives. NBER Working Paper No. 9489, S. 1-25

Buckley, P. and M. Casson, 1976. A Long Run Theory of the Multinational Enterprise” and “Alternative Theories of the Multinational Enterprise, The Theory of the Multinational Corporation, London: MacMillan.

Buckley, P. 1988. The Limits of Explanation: Testing the Internalization Theory of the Multinational Enterprise, Journal of International Business Studies, Summer: 181-193.

Buckley, P. J. and M. C. Casson (1998). "Models of the multinational enterprise." Journal of International

Business Studies 29(1): 21-44.

Calvet, A.L., 1981. A Synthesis of Foreign Direct Investment Theories and Theories of the Multinational Firm, Journal of International Business Studies (12) 1: 43-59.

Caves, R.E. (1971) International corporations: the industrial economics of foreign direct investment. Economica, Vol. 38, S. 1-27

Caves, R. E., 1996. Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Chapters 3, 4.

Datta- Chaudhuri, M. (1990) Market failure and government failure. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 4, No. 3, S. 25-39.

Dunning, J.H. 1979. Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defence of the Eclectic Theory, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41: 269-95.

Dunning, J.H.and A. Rugman, 1985 The Influence of Hymer's Dissertation on the Theory of Foreign Direct Investment, American Economic Review (75) 2: 228-232.

Dunning, J.H. (1993) Introduction: The Nature of Transnational Corporations and their Activities, in J.H.

Dunning (ed) The Theory of Transnational Corporations, The United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge, London and New York.

Dunning, J.H. (1993) 'Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the Multinational Enterprise: A Search for

an Eclectic Approach' in J.H. Dunning (ed) The Theory of Transnational Corporations, The United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge, London and New York.

Dunning, J. H. (1998). Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor? Journal of

International Business Studies 29(1): 45-66.

Dunning, J. H. (2000). "The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity." International Business Review 9(2): 163-191.

Dunning, J.H., 2003. Some Antecedents of Internalization Theory. Journal of International Business Studies, 34: 108-115.

Ethier W. (1986) The multinational firm. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 101, No. 4, S. 805-833

Flowers, Edward B. 1976. Oligopolistic Reactions in European and Canadian Direct Investment in the United States. Journal of International Business Studies 7(Fall/Winter): 43-55.

Giddy, I. 1978. The Demise of the Product Life Cycle Model in International Business Theory, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 13: 90-97.

Hennart, J.-F. (2001). Theories of the multinational enterprise. The Oxford handbook of international

business. A. Rugman and T. Brewer. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Hill, and Kim, 1988. Searching for a Dynamic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: A Transaction Cost Model, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9: 93-104.

Horaguchi H., and Toyne, B., 1990. Setting the Record Straight: Hymer, Internationalization Theory and Transaction Cost Economics,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21: 487-494.

Hosseini Hamid, 2005. "An Economic Theory of FDI: A Behavioral Economics and Historical Approach" The Journal of Socio-Economics, 34,2005, pp.528-541.

Hymer, S. A Comparison of Direct and Portfolio Investment” and “The Theory of International Operations, The International Operations of National Firms. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kindleberger,C., 1969. The Theory of Direct Investment and The International Corporation, American Business Abroad, MA: MIT Press.

Knickerbocker, F, 1974. Introduction, Oligopolistic Reaction and Multinational Enterprise, Division of Research, Harvard Business School, Boston.

Kogut, B., & Zander, U. 1993. Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 24 (4): 625-45.

Kogut, B. and Zander, U., 2003. A Memoir and Reflection: Knowledge and an Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Firm 10 Years Later. Journal of International Business Studies, 34: 505-515.

Oxley, J., 1996. Appropriability Hazards and Governance in Strategic Alliances: A Transaction Cost Approach. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 13(2): 387-409.

Pearce, R. (2003) The economic theory of the MNE: a view from Reading. Insights, Vol. 3, No. 4, S. 3-6

Rugman, A. M. (1980) 'Internalisation as a General Theory of Foreign Direct Investment: a Reappraisal of

the Literature' Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Review of World Economics 116, 2, 365-379.

Rugman, A., 1986. New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment of Internalization Theory, Bulletin of Economic Research 4, 38(2): 101-117.

Sethi, D., S. E. Guisinger, S. E. Phelan and D. M. Berg (2003). "Trends in foreign direct investment flows: A theoretical and empirical analysis." Journal of International Business Studies 34: 315-326.

Teece, D.J. (1981) The multinational enterprise: market failure and market power considerations. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 22, S. 3-17

Teece, D., 1985. Multinational Enterprises, Internal Governance and Industrial Organization, American Economic Review, Vol, 75, May: 233-238.

Teece, D., 1986. Transaction Cost Economics and the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 7, March: 21-46.

Vernon, R., 1966. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Life Cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80: 190-207.

Vernon, R., 1979. The Product Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41(4): 255-267.

Wells, L.T., 1972. International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach, in Wells, ed., The Product Life Cycle and International Trade, Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University: 3-33.

2. Political and Institutional Perspectives on Multinational Enterprises

de la Torre, J., and Neckar, 1988. “Forecasting Political Risk for International Operations,” International Journal of Forecasting.

Delios, A. & Henisz, W. J. 2000. Japanese firms' investment strategies in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3):305-323.

Fagre, N. & Wells, L.T. 1982. Bargaining Power of Multinational and Host Governments. Journal of International Business Studies, 13(2): 9-23.

Geurrieri, P., Tylecote, A. (1994) National competitive advantages and microeconomic behaviour. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, S. 49-76

Guillén, M., and S. Suárez, 2001 The Institutional Environment of Multinational Activity. In S. Ghoshal and E. Westney, eds., Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation, second edition. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Henisz, W., and A. Delios. 2001. Uncertainty, Imitation and Plant Location: Japanese Multinational Corporations, 1990-96, (with A. Delios), Administrative Science Quarterly, 2001.

Henisz, W. and B. Zelner, 2005. Legitimacy, Interest Group Pressures and Change in Emergent Institutions: The Case of Foreign Investors and Host Country Governments, Academy of Management Review, forthcoming.

Henisz, W.and B. Zelner, 2005. Resistance to Illegitimate Multilateral Influence on Reform: The Political Backlash Against Private Infrastructure Investors, working paper.

Henisz, W. J. & Williamson, O. E. 1999. Comparative Economic Organization -- Within and Between Countries. Business and Politics, 1(3): 261-277.

Henisz, W. J. 2000.The Institutional Environment for Multinational Investment. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization,16(2).

Hill, C. A. 1998. How Investors React to Political Risk. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 8: 283-313.

Kobrin, S.J. 1976. The Environmental Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: An Ex Post Empirical Analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 7: 29-42.

Kobrin, S., 1979. Political Risk: A Review and Reconsideration, Journal of International Business Studies, 10: 67-80.

Kobrin, S. J. 1987. Testing the Bargaining Hypothesis in the Manufacturing Sector in Developing Countries. International Organization, 41(1): 609-638.

LeCraw, D. 1984. Bargaining Power, Ownership and Profitability of Transnational Corporations in Developing Countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 15(1): 27-42.

Levy, B. and P. Spiller 1994. The Institutional Foundations of Regulatory Commitment. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 9: 201-46.

Murtha, T. and S. Lenway, 1994. Country Capabilities and the Strategic State: How National Political Institutions Affect Multinational Corporations' Strategies, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15: 113-129.

North, D. C. 1986. The New Institutional Economics. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 142: 230-237.

Oxley, J.E. 1999. Institutional Environment and the Mechanisms of Governance: The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection on the Structure of Inter-Firm Alliances. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 38: 283-309.

3. Managerial Approach – Strategy and Structure

Bartlett, C. A. and Ghoshal, S. 1989. Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Chapter 1. (also a Sloan Management Review article from Summer, 1987, pp. 7-17)

Birkinshaw, J. and N. Hood. 1998. Multinational Subsidiary Evolution: Capability and Charter Change in Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Companies. Academy of Management Review. 23(4): 773-795.

Birkinshaw, J., Morrison, R. and Hulland, 1995. Structural and Competitive Determinants of a Global Integration Strategy, Strategic Management Journal, Vol., 16, pp. 637-655.

Channon, Derek “Organizing for international operations,” in Derek F. Channon, Multinational Strategic Planning (New York: Amacom, 1978), pp. 22-50.

Doz, Y., 1980. Strategic Management in Multinational Companies, Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp. 27-46.

Egelhoff, W. G. 1982. Strategy and Structure in Multinational Corporations: An Information-Processing Approach. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27: 435-458.

Ghoshal, S. 1987. Global Strategy: An Organizing Framework. Strategic Management Journal, 8: 425-440.

Ghoshal, S. and C.A. Bartlett. 1990. The Multinational Corporation as an Interorganizational Network, Academy of Management Review, 15 (4): 603-625.

Hedlund, G. 1986. The Hypermodern MNC – A heterarchy? Human Resource Management, 25(1): 9-35.

Johansson, J, and G. Yip, 1994. Exploiting Globalization Potential: US and Japanese Strategies, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15: 579-601.

Stephen Kobrin, “An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Global Integration,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 12, 1991.

Kogut, B., 1983, Designing Global Strategies: Profiting from Operational Flexibility, Sloan Management Review, Fall: 27-38.

Kogut, B. 1989. A Note on Global Strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 10: 383-389.

Makino, Shige Takehiko Isobe and Christine M. Chan. 2004. "Does country matter?" Strategic Management Journal. 25(10): 1027-1043.

Morrison, A., and K. Roth, 1992. A Taxonomy of Business-Level Strategies in Global Industries, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp. 399-418.

Perlmutter, H. 1969. The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation, Columbia Journal of World Business.

Porter, M., 1998, Competing Across Locations: Enhancing Competitive Advantage Through a Global Strategy, (from On Competition, HBS Press).

Porter, Michael E. “Changing patterns of international competition,” in David J. Teece, ed., The Competitive Challenge (Cambridge: Ballinger, 1987), pp. 27-57.

Roth, K., and A. Morrison, 1990. An Empirical Analysis of the Integration-Responsiveness Framework in Global Industries, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21, No.4: 541-564.

Tallman, S., 1991, Strategic Management Models and Resource-Based Strategies Among MNEs in Host Market, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12: 69-82.

Yip, G., 1989. Global Strategy …In a World of Nations? Sloan Management Review, Vol. 31, No 1: 29-41.

4. Organizational Perspectives on Multinational Enterprises

Delacroix, J., 1993. The European Subsidiaries of American Multinationals: An Exercise in Ecological Analysis. In Ghoshal and Westney, eds., Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 105-135.

Doz Y., and C.K. Prahalad, 1993. Managing DMNCs: A Search for a New Paradigm, in Goshal and Westney, Organization Theory and Multinational Corporation.

Doz Y., and C.K. Prahalad, 1987. The Multinational Mission: Balancing Local Demands and Global Vision, NY, The Free Press, Chs 2,3 and 12.

Guillén, M., 2002 “Structural Inertia, Imitation, and Foreign Expansion: South Korean Firms and Business Groups in China, 1987-1995, Academy of Management Journal(3): 509-525.

Guler, I., Guillén, M. and J.M. Macpherson, 2002. Global Competition, Institutions, and the Diffusion of Organizational Practices: The International Spread of ISO 9000 Quality Certificates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 207-32.

Martin, X., A. Swaminathan, and W. Mitchell, 1998. Organizational Evolution in the Interorganizational Environment: Incentives and Constraints on International Expansion Strategy. Administrative Science Quarterly 43 (1998):566-601.

Stopford, J., and Wells, 1972. Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organization of the Firm and Ownership of the Subsidiaries, NY, Basic Books, Chs 1-6.

Westney, D.E., 1993. Institutionalization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. In S. Ghoshal and E. Westney, eds., Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. pp. 53-76.

5. Socio-political Perspectives on Multinational Enterprise

Caves, Richard E. 1996 Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, Chapters 5 and 9.

Cooke, William N. 1997. The Influence of Industrial Relations Factors on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Abroad, Industrial & Labor Relations Review 51(1):3-17.

Guillén, Mauro F. "Understanding and Managing the Multinational Firm." Working Paper.

Guillén, Mauro F. 2000. Organized Labor's Images of Multinational Enterprise: Ideologies of Foreign Investment in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain, Industrial & Labor Relations Review 53(3) (April):419-442.

Immergut, Ellen. 1998. “The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism.” Politics and Society 26(1): 5-34.

McDermott, Gerald, 2001, “Institutional Change and Firm Creation in East-Central Europe: An Embedded Politics Approach,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 37 No. 2, March 2004 188-217.

Polanyi, Karl "The Economy as Instituted Process” in Polanyi et. al. Trade and Markets in Early Empires, (Chicago: Henry Regenry Company, 1957): 243-269.

Polanyi, Karl, 1944, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.

6. Culture

Boyacigiller, N., Kleinberg, J., Sackmann, S., and M. Phillips, 1996. Conceptualizing Culture. In B.J. Punnett and O. Shenkar (Ed) Handbook for International Management Research: 157-204. New York: Blackwell.

Brett, J., and T. Okumura, 1998. Inter- and Intracultural Negotiation: US and Japanese Negotiators. Academy of Management Journal 41: 495-510.

Earley, P. C., and Singh, H., 1995. International and Intercultural Management Research: What's Next? Academy of Management Journal, 38: 327-340.

Hofstede, G., 1980. Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Kedia, B.L., and R.S. Bhagat, 1988. Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management. Academy of Management Review, 19: 559-571.

Ronen, S., and O. Shenkar, 1985. Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis. Academy of Management Review 10: 435-454.

Schneider, S., 1988. National vs. Corporate Culture: Implications for Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management 29(2): 231-46.

7. Entry Modes

Agarwal, R. and Ramaswami, 1992 Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location and Internalization Factors, Journal of International Business Studies.

Anand, J., and A. Delios, 2002. Absolute and Relative Resources as Determinants of International Acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 23: 119-134.

Barkema, H., J. Bell and J. Pennings, 1996. Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers and Learning. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 151-76

Chang, S.J., and Rosenzweig, 2001. The Choice of Entry Mode in Sequential Foreign Direct Investment, Strategic Management Journal, 22: 747-76.

Contractor, F, 1981. The Role of Licensing in International Strategy, Columbia Journal of World Business.

Gomes-Casseres, B., 1989. Ownership Structures of Foreign Subsidiaries: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization: 1-25.

Gomes-Casseres, B., 1990, Foreign Ownership Preferences and Host Government Restrictions: An Integrated Approach, Journal of International Business Studies, pp. 1-22.

Hamel, G., 1991. Competition for Competence and Inter-Partner Learning within International Strategic Alliances, Strategic Management Journal: 83-103.

Healy, PJ and Palepu, KG, 1993, “International Corporate Equity Acquisitions: Who, Where and Why? In Froot (ed) Foreign Direct Investment, Chicago (University of Chicago Press).

Hennart, J.F. 1991. The Transaction Costs Theory of Joint Ventures: An Empirical Study of Japanese Subsidiaries in the United States. Management Science 37(4):483-497.

Hennart, J-F, and Park, 1993. Greenfield vs. Acquisition: The Strategy of Japanese Investors in the US, Management Science: 1054-1068.

Hill, Hwang, and Kim, 1990. An Eclectic Theory of the Choice of International Entry Mode, Strategic Management Journal: 17-28.

Horstmann, I., Markusen, J. (1987) Licensing versus direct investment: a model of internalization by the multinational enterprise. Canadian Journal of economics, Vol. 20, No. 3, S. 464-481

Inkpen, A. and Beamish, P.W. 1997. Knowledge, Bargaining Power and the Instability of International Joint Ventures. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22: 177-202.

Kogut, B. 1988. Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9: 375-385.

Kogut, B. and Singh, H. 1988. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19 (4): 411-32.

Noria and Garcia-Pont, 1991. Global Strategic Linkages and Industry Structure, Strategic Management Journal.

Ohmae, K, 1989. The Global Logic of Strategic Alliances,” Harvard Business Review, March-April: 143-154.

Shaver, J.M. 1998. Accounting for Endogeneity When Assessing Strategy Performance: Does Entry Mode Choice Affect FDI Survival? Management Science, 44 (4): 571-585.

Yoshino and Rangan, 1995. Strategic Alliances, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.

8. Geography, Knowledge Transfer and Spillovers

Alcacer, J., H. Berry and W. Chung. 2004. Increasing Exploration: Evidence from International Expansion. Working paper. (Available from Professor Berry's website at Wharton)

Almeida, P., 1996. Knowledge Sourcing by Foreign Multinationals: Patent Citations Analysis in the US Semiconductor Industry, Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue: 155-165.

Audretsch and Feldman, 1996. R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production, American Economic Review: 630-640.

Berry, H., Leaders, Laggards and the Pursuit of Foreign Knowledge, Strategic Management Journal, forthcoming. . (Available from Professor Berry's website at Wharton)

John Cantwell, “Introduction” and “Historical Trends in International Patterns of Technological Innovation,” in Technological Innovation and the Multinational Corporation, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989.

Caves, 1996. Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Chapter 7.

Coughlin, C., Terza, J. and Arromdee, V. 1991. State Characteristics and Location of Foreign Direct Investment in the US. Review of Economics and Statistics, 74: 675-683.

Chung W. and J. Alcacer, 2002. Knowledge Seeking and Location Choice of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, Management Science, 48(12): 1534-54.

Feinberg, S. and Gupta, A., 2004. Knowledge Spillovers and the Assignment of R&D Responsibilities to Foreign Subsidiaries. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 823-45

Frost T., 2001. The Geographic Sources of Foreign Subsidiaries' Innovations. Strategic Management Journal Vol. 22: 101-123.

Irwin, and Klenow, 1996.High Tech R&D Subsidiaries: Estimating the Effects of Sematech,” Journal of International Economics, Vol. 40: 323-344.

Jaffe, Trajtenberg and Henderson, 1993. Geographic Location of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations, Quarterly Journal of Economics: 577-598.

Kogut, B & Chang S. J. 1991. Technological Capabilities and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Manufacturing. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 74: 401-413.

Mansfield et al, 1979. Foreign Trade and US R&D, Review of Economics and Statistics.

Mansfield and Romeo, 1980. Technology Transfer to Overseas Subsidiaries by US Based Firms, Quarterly Journal of Economics: 737-750.

Shaver, J.M. 1998. Do Foreign-Owned and U.S.-Owned Establishments Exhibit the Same Location Pattern in U.S. Manufacturing Industries? Journal of International Business Studies, 29 (3): 469-493.

Shaver, J.M. and Frederick F. 2000. Agglomeration Economies, Firm Heterogeneity, and Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal. 21(12): 1175-1193.

Performance Effects from Multinationality

Barkema, H., Bell, J.H.J. & Pennings, J.M. 1996. Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers and Learning. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17: 151-166.

Berry, H., and M. Sakakibara, Resource Accumulation and Overseas Expansion by Japanese Multinationals, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, forthcoming.

Berry, H., 2003. The Influence of Location, Multinationality and Knoweldge on MNE Performance: Evidence from US Manufacturing Firms, 1981-2000. Working Paper (available on Professor Berry's website at Wharton)

Christophe, S., 1997. Hysteresis and the Value of the US Multinational Corporation, Journal of Business, 70(3): 435-362.

Delios, A. and P.W. Beamish. 2001. Survival and Profitability: The Roles of Experience and Intangible Assets in Foreign Subsidiary Performance. Academy of Management Journal.

Doukas, J, Travlos, N. 1988. The Effect of Corporate Multinationalism on Shareholders' Wealth: Evidence from International Acquisitions, Journal of Finance 18: 1161–1174.

Doukas, J. and Lang, 2003. Foreign Direct Investment, Diversification and Firm Performance, Journal of International Business Studies, 34:153-172.

Dess, G. G., A. Gupta, J. F. Hennart and C. W. L. Hill. 1995. Conducting and Integrating Strategy Research at the International, Corporate, and Business Levels: Issues and Directions. Journal of Management, 21: 357-393.

Kim, C, 1989. Developing a Global Diversification Measure,” Management Science, 35:3, pp. 376-83.

Kim, Hwang and Burgers, 1989. Global Diversification Strategy and Corporate Profit Performance, Strategic Management Journal, pp. 45-57.

Li, J. and S. Tallman. 1996. Effects of International Diversity and Product Diversity on the Performance of Multinational Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 179-196.

Mitchell, W. Shaver, J. M. & Yeung, B. 1997. The effect of own-firm and other-firm experience on foreign direct investment survival in the United States, 1987-92. Strategic Management Journal, 18: 811-824.

Morck, R. & Yeung, B. 1992. Internalization: An Event Study Test. Journal of International Economics, 33: 41-56.

Morck, R, and Yeung, B. 1991. Why Investors Value Multinationality, Journal of Business, pp. 165-187.

Reuer, J. 2000. Parent Firm Performance Across International Joint Venture Life-Cycle Stages. Journal of International Business Studies, 31 (1): 1-20.

9. Trade and Investment and Exchange Rates

Campa, J, 1993. Entry by Foreign Firms in the US Under Exchange Rate Uncertainty, Review of Economics and Statistics: 614-622.

Cushman, D., 1986. Real Exchange Rate Risk, Expectations and the Level of Direct Investment, Review of Economics and Statistics: 297-308.

Dixit, A., 1989. Hysteresis, Import Penetration and Exchange Rate Pass Through, Quarterly Journal of Economics: 205-228.

Feenstra, R., 1989. Symmetric Pass-Through of Tariffs and Exchange Rates Under Imperfect Competition: An Empirical Test, Journal of International Economics.

Grubert and Mutti, 1991. Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in MNC Decision-Making, Review of Economics and Statistics.

Hooper, P. and C. Mann, 1989. Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the 1980s: The Case of US Imports of Manufacturers, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp. 297-337.

Knetter, M., 1993. International Comparisons of Pricing to Market Behavior, American Economic Review: 473-486.

Kogut and Chang, 1996. Platform Investment and Volatile Exchange Rates: Direct Investment in the US by Japanese Electronic Companies. Review of Economics and Statistics.

10. Emerging Market Firms

Bartlett and Ghoshal, Going Global: Lessons from Late Movers, HBR R00201

Bilgin, Z., Sriram, V. and G. Wührer, 2004. Drivers of Global Business Success: Lessons from Emerging Markets. Palgrave MacMillan.

Dawar, N and T. Frost, 1999. Competing with Giants: Survival Strategies for Local Companies in Emerging Markets. Harvard Business Review

Khanna, T., and J. Rivkin, 2001. Estimating the Performance Effects of Business Groups in Emerging Markets, Strategic Management Journal, 22: 45-74.

Guillen, M., 2000. Business Groups in Emerging Economies: A Resource Based View, Academy of Management Journal 43(3): 362-380.

Furman, J., M. Porter and S. Stern, 2002. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity. Research Policy (31)6: 899-.

Porter, M., 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Harvard Business Review 68(2): 73-94

United Nations, World Investment Report 2006, Forthcoming, New York and Geneva: United Nations.

11. The Impact of MNCs on the World Economy

Dunning, J.H. (1994) 'Re-Evaluating the Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment' Transnational Corporations 3, 1, February 23-51.

Dunning, J.H. and Narula, R. (1996) 'The Investment Development Path Revisited: Some Emerging Issues' in J.H. Dunning and R. Narula (eds) Foreign Direct Investment and Governments: Catalysts for Economic Restructuring, Routledge, London and New York.

Jenkins, R. (1987) 'Theoretical Perspectives on the Transnational Corporation' Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development Methuen, London and New York 17-37.

Brown, R. (1998). 'Electronics foreign direct investment in Singapore: A study of local linkages in "Winchester City".' European Business Review 98(4): 196-210.

Chen, H. and T.-J. Chen (1998). "Network linkages and location choice in foreign direct investment." Journal of International Business Studies 29(3): 445-467.

UNCTAD (2001). World investment report 2001: Promoting linkages. New York and Geneva, United Nations, chapter IV.

12. MNCs, Nation States and Global Governance

Rugman, A. and A. Verbeke (1998). "Multinational enterprises and public policy." Journal of International

Business Studies 29(1): 115-137.

Eden, L. and S. Lenway (2001). "Introduction to the symposium Multinationals: The Janus face of

globalization." Journal of International Business Studies 32(3): 383-.

Agmon, T. (2003). "Who gets what: the MNE, the nation state and the distributional effects of

globalization." Journal of International Business Studies 34: 416-427.

Vernon, R. (1991). 'Sovereignty at bay: Twenty years after.' Millenium 20: 191-96.

Eden, L. (1991) 'Bringing the Firm Back in: Multinationals in the International Political Economy' Millennium, Journal of International Studies, 20, 2, 197-224.

13. MNCs in Developing (or Transitional) Countries

Lall, S. (1996). Transnational corporations and economic development. Chapter three in Transnational corporations and world development, Geneva: UNCTAD, 44-72.

Makino, S., C.-M. Lau, and R.-S. Yeh. (2002). Asset-exploitation versus asset-seeking: Implications for location choice of foreign direct investment from newly industrialized economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3): 403-421.

OECD (2002). Foreign direct investment for development: maximising benefits, minimising costs. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development: 1-32.

Narula, R. and J. H. Dunning (2000). Industrial development, globalization and multinational enterprises: New realities for developing countries. Oxford Development Studies, 28(2).

UNCTAD (2003). World investment report 2003: FDI policies for development: National and international perspectives. New York and Geneva, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

De Mello, L., R. Jr (1997). Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: A selective survey. The Journal of Development Studies, 34(1): 1-34.

14. MNCs, Employment and Labour Practices

Bartlett, C., S. Ghoshal, and J. Birkinshaw. (2004). Case 2-3 Hitting the wall: Nike and International Labor

Practices. In Transnational Management: Text, cases, and readings in cross-border management, Boston:

McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 136-153.

Caves, Richard E. Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Second Edition (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), ch. 5.

Cooke, William N. “The Influence of Industrial Relations Factors on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Abroad.” Industrial & Labor Relations Review 51(1) (1997):3-17.

Dunning, J. H. (1993). MNEs, Employment and Human Resource Management. In Multinational

enterprises and the global economy. Wokingham, England, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,

Enderwick, P. (1996) 'Transnational Corporations and Human Resources' in UNCTAD Transnational Corporations and World Development ITBP, London.

Engardio, P., A. Bernstein, and M. Kripalani. (2003). The new global job shift. Business Week, Feb 3(3818): 36-45.

Guillén, Mauro F. “Organized Labor's Images of Multinational Enterprise: Ideologies of Foreign Investment in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain.” Industrial & Labor Relations Review 53(3) (April 2000):419-442.

Jain, H. C., J. J. Lawler, and M. Morishima. (1998). Multinational corporations, human resource management and host-country nationals. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(4): 553-566.

UNCTC (1994) 'Transnational Corporations and Employment' Chapter IV in World Investment Report 1994: Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace UNCTC, New York and Geneva.

15. MNCs, Trade and REI

Brainard, S.L. (1993) A simple theory of multinational corporations and trade with a trade-off between proximity and concentration. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 4269

Brainard, S. L. (1997) An empirical assessment of the proximity-concentration trade-off between multinational sales and trade. The American Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 4, S. 520-544

Buckley, P. J., J. Clegg, N. Forsans & K. T. Reilly. (2001). Increasing the size of the 'country': Regional economic integration and foreign direct investment in a globalised world economy, Management International Review, 41(3): 251-274.

Dunning, J.H. (1995) What's wrong - and right - with trade theory, The International Trade Journal IX, 2, Summer p163-202.

Feenstra, R. 1998. Integration of trade and disintegration of production in the global economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall, Vol. 12, No. 4, S. 31-50.

Gray, H. P. (1996 ) 'The role of transnational corporations in international trade' in UNCTAD

Transnational Corporations and World Development ITBP, London.

Helpman E. (1984) A simple theory of international trade with multinational corporations. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 92, No. 3, S. 451-471

Helpman,E., KRUGMAN P. (1985) Market structure and foreign trade. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Krugman, P. (1983) The “new theories” of international trade and the multinational enterprise. In: The multinational corporation in the 1980s. D.B. Audretsch, C. Kindleberger (eds) MIT Press, S. 57-73

Markusen, J. (1984) Multinationals, multi-plant economies, and the gains from trade. Journal of International Economics, Vol. 16, No. 3-4, S. 205-226

Markusen, J.R. (1995) The boundaries of multinational firms and the theory of international trade, Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, p169-189.

Morgan, R. E. and C. S. Katsikeas (1997). "Theories of international trade, foreign direct investment and firm internationalization: a critique." Management Decision 35(1): 68-78.

Robson, P. (1996) 'Transnational corporations and regional economic integration' in UNCTAD Transnational Corporations and World Development ITBP, London.

Sopiee, N., H. Yonosuke & T. Toshinori. (2004). Three views of East Asian integration, Japan Echo, 31(2): 29-34.

16. MNCs and Global Concerns

Kobrin, S. (2001) Our resistance is as global as your oppression: Multinational corporations, the protest movement and the future of global governance, Paper presented at the 2001 Meeting of the International Studies Association, Chicago, February.

Mikesell, R. (1993) ‘The Selebi-Phikwe nickel/copper mine in Botswana: lessons from a financial disaster' in B. McKern (ed) Transnational Corporations and the Exploitation of Natural Resources The United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge, London and New York.

McKern, B. (1993) ‘Introduction: Transnational corporations and the exploitation of natural resources, in B. McKern (ed) Transnational Corporations and the Exploitation of Natural Resources The United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge, London and New York.

Sachs, J.D. (2000) Globalization and patterns of economic development. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 136, No. 4, S. 579-600

Shrivastava, P. (1997) Union Carbide Corporation: Industrial Plant Accident (Bhopal India) in L. Calingo (ed) Strategic Management in the Asian Context John Wiley, Singapore and New York.

UNCTAD (1996) World Investment Report 1996: Investment, Trade and International Policy Agreements UNCTAD New York and Geneva, ChapVI.

Country Specific Information

FDI Profiles for 112 economies are available at with an annually updated bibliography section for each country:

http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3198&lang=1

Respondents submitted the following papers on New Zealand and Central, Eastern South-eastern Europe:

New Zealand

Akoorie, M. (1996). New Zealand: The economic development of a resource-rich economy. Foreign direct investment and governments: Catalysts for economic restructuring. J. Dunning and R. Narula. London and New York, Routledge.

Enderwick, P. (ed.) (1998). Foreign direct investment: The New Zealand experience. Palmerston North, Dunmore Press.

Enderwick, P. (2003). Inward foreign direct investment and economic performance: explaining the paradox of New Zealand, working paper presented to The New Zealand Treasury, 20 May.

Scott-Kennel, J. (2004). 'Foreign Direct Investment: A Catalyst for Local Firm Development?' European Journal of Development Research 16(3).

Central, Eastern South-eastern Europe

Locia, GALINA G. PREOBRAGENSKAYA and ROBERT W. MCGEE, The Role of International Accounting Standards in Foreign Direct Investment: A Case Study of Russia,

http://ssrn.com/abstract=409020

MCGEE, ROBERT W. 2003, Foreign Direct Investment in South-eastern Europe,

http://ssrn.com/abstract=480669

MCGEE ROBERT W., 1999, The Investment Climate in Armenia: Some Legal, Economic and Ethical Issues , Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, Vol. 2, No. 2, Pp 310-317, Spring 1999

Armenia http://ssrn.com/abstract=242544

MCGEE ROBERT W. 2003, Armenia's Public Finance System: A Comparison of Fiscal Burden with Other Former Soviet Republics, at http://ssrn.com/abstract=408860

Additional Articles: Central, Eastern South-eastern Europe

Hunya, Gábor, editor (2000). Integration Through Foreign Direct Investment: Making Central European Industries Competitive (Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar).

Svetlicic, Marjan and Matija Rojec, editors (2003). Facilitating Transition by Internationalization: Outward Direct Investment from Central European Economies in Transition (Aldershot: Ashgate).

People interested in the topic can also read the special issue of:

Transnational Corporations, 10(3) (December 2001), on Privatization and Greenfield FDI in Central and Eastern Europe: Does The Mode Of Entry Matter? It contains:

1.  Matija Rojec, The restructuring of firms in foreign privatizations in Central and Eastern European countries

2.  Miklós Szanyi, Privatization and greenfield FDI in the economic restructuring of Hungary

3.  Katalin Antalóczy and Magdolna Sass, Greenfield investments in Hungary: Are they different from privatization FDI?

4.  Peter Mihályi, The evolution of Hungary's approach to FDI in postcommunist privatization

5.  Stanislaw Uminski, Foreign capital in the privatization process of Poland

6.  Alena Zemplinerová and Martin Jarolím, Modes of FDI entry and firm performance: the Czech case

7.  Marina Wes and Hans Peter Lankes, FDI in economies in transition: mergers and acquisitions versus greenfield investment

Also some interesting individual articles:

Bevan, Alan A. and Saul Estrin (2004). The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(4) (December), pp. 775-787.

Bucha, Claudia M., Robert M. Kokta and Daniel Piazolo (2003). Foreign direct investment in Europe: Is there redirection from the South to the East?, Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(1) (March), pp. 94-109.

Campos, Nauro F. and Yuko Kinoshita (2002). Foreign direct investment as technology transferred: Some panel evidence from the transition economies, The Manchester School, 70(3) (June), pp. 398-419.

Damijan, Joze P., Mark Knell, Boris Majcen and Matija Rojec (2003). The role of FDI, R&D accumulation and trade in transferring technology to transition countries: evidence from firm panel data for eight transition countries, Economic Systems, 27(2) (June), pp. 189-204.

David A Dyker (1999). Foreign direct investment in the former Communist world: A key vehicle for technological upgrading?, Innovation, 12(3) (September), pp. 345-352.

Fabry, Nathalie H., Sylvain H Zeghni (2003). FDI in CEECs: How do Western investors survive?, Thunderbird International Business Review, 45(2) (March/April), pp. 133-147.

Grosse, Robert and Len J. Trevino (2005). New Institutional Economics and FDI Location in Central and Eastern Europe, Management International Review, 45(2), pp. 123-145.

Holland, Dawn, Magdolna Sass, Vladimir Benacek and Miroslaw Gronicki (2000). The determinants and impact of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe: a comparison of survey and econometric evidence, Transnational Corporations, 9(3) (December), pp. 163-212.

Kalotay, Kálmán, 2004 The European flying geese - New FDI patterns for the old continent?

Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2004, Pages 27-49

Kalotay, Kálmán, 2006, The Impact of EU Enlargement on FDI Flows, International Finance Review, Volume 6 , 2006, Pages 473-499.

Manea, Julia and Robert Pearce (2004). Industrial restructuring in economies in transition and TNCs' investment motivations, Transnational Corporations, 13(2) (August), pp. 7-27.

Radosevic, Slavo, Urmas Varblane and Tomasz Mickiewicz (2003). Foreign direct investment and its effect on employment in Central Europe, Transnational Corporations, 12(1) (April), pp. 59-90.

Rojec, Matija, Joze P. Damijan and Boris Majcen (2004). Export Propensity of Estonian and Slovenian Manufacturing Firms: Does Foreign Ownership Matter?, Eastern European Economics, 42(4) (July/August) pp. 33-54.

Stare, Metka (2002). The pattern of internationalisation of services in Central European countries, The Service Industries Journal, 22 (1) (January), pp. 77-91.